De Novo Sequencing
The initial generation of the primary genetic sequence of a particular organism is called de novo sequencing. A detailed genetic analysis of any organism is possible only after de novo sequencing has been performed.
With its long read lengths and high accuracy, capillary electrophoresis-based sequencing is the gold standard technology for de novo projects. However, the throughput of these systems makes de novo assembly of most organisms a lengthy and costly endeavor. Next-generation sequencing technologies hold great promise in reducing the time and cost of sequencing.
De novo assembly of small organisms using the SOLiD™ System
The longer read lengths and new data analysis software of the SOLiD™ System enable the de novo assembly of small organisms. Researchers have demonstrated the assembly of 50bp reads into a scaffold that can then be filled in with capillary electrophoresis-based sequencing.
SOLiD™ System facilitates the assembly of difficult genomic regions.
For larger organisms, capillary electrophoresis-based sequencing is the preferred platform for scaffold generation. Once a scaffold is created the SOLiD™ System can be used to fill in the gaps at high coverage.
Experimental Workflow: Find the Products You Need for Every Step
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Step 1:
Design Experiment -
Step 2:
Extract DNA -
Step 3:
Construct DNA Library -
Step 4:
Amplify & Sequence -
Step 5:
Analyze Data -
Step 6:
Validate Results
Click the arrows above to view products
Step 1: Design Experiment
When designing your own experiment, consider important parameters such as coverage, size, accuracy, and sensitivity; library type (fragment or mate paired?); and read length.
Techical Considerations:
- You need high-quality DNA
- For less complex genomes, consider multiple analysis with barcodes
Learn More
- Application Note: Whole Genome Sequencing of E. Coli Bacteria
- Application Note: SOLiD™ System Barcoding
- Poster: Comparative Analysis of Salmonella Plasmids and Mobile Elements by Whole Genome Sequencing
- Poster: Distribution and Analysis of SPIs and Prophage Insertions in a Diverse Set of Salmonella Serogroups Sequenced by SOLiD™ System Technology
- Poster: Characterization of the ‘Mobilome’ of the Genus Listeria
- Poster: Comparative Analysis of the rfb Locus, Encoding O-antigen Biosynthesis Genes in Salmonella Enterica
Step 2: Extract DNA
Extract DNA from your sample and purify it before library construction. Make sure the DNA is of good quality (minimal to no degredation) and free of contaminants.
Products for Step 2: Extract DNA
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View more reagents, kits and bench-top devices on invitrogen.com
Purelink™ Genomic DNA Mini Kit
This kit enable high-yield, high-purity DNA extractions from a wide variety of sample types, including blood, tissues, cells, bacteria, swabs, and blood spots.
ChargeSwitch® gDNA Mini Bacteria Kit
Sample size individual colony or up to 0.5 ml overnight culture; Typical yield up to 12 µg genomic DNA.For research use only. Not intended for any animal or human therapeutic or diagnostic use.
Step 3: Construct DNA Library
You can prepare mate-paired libraries for de novo sequencing. Mate-paired library insert sizes can range from 600 to 6,000 bases.
Products for Step 3: Construct DNA Library
- SOLiD™ Mate-Paired Library Oligos Kit
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Contains a set of oligonucleotide adaptors and primers for constructing mate-paired libraries.
- SOLiD™ Fragment Library Oligos Kit
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Contains oligonucleotide adaptors and primers for fragment library construction.
- SOLiD™ Long Mate-Paired Library Construction Kit w/o Purification
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Provides a fully optimized, validated, complete set of reagents (minus the purification portion) for the construction of ten 2x35 bp or 2x50 bp libraries.
- SOLiD™ Long Mate-Paired Library Construction Kit
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This kit provides a fully optimized, validated, complete set of reagents for the construction of ten 2x35 bp or 2x50 bp libraries.
- SOLiD™ 2x25 Mate-Paired Library Construction Kit
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This kit provides a fully optimized, validated complete set of reagents of the construction of ten 2X25 bp libraries. In addition to this kit, customers will need to obtain the SOLiD™ Mate-Paired Library Oligo kit to generate mate-paired libraries.
- SOLiD™ Fragment Library Construction Kit with SizeSelect™ Gels
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This kit provides a fully optimized complete set of reagents, columns, and our new SizeSelect™ gels to generate 10 fragment libraries using the SOLiD™ System standard fragment library protocol.
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View more reagents, kits and bench-top devices on invitrogen.com
SOLiD™ DNA Multiplexing Kits, 1-96 and Modules
The SOLiD™ Fragment Library Barcoding Kits enable users to pool fragment libraries prior to emulsion PCR and then conduct multiplexed sequencing analysis.
E-Gel® SizeSelect™ Gels
Allows you to separate and recover DNA for short read fragment library construction in just 15 minutes.For research use only. Not intended for any animal or human therapeutic or diagnostic use.
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Step 4: Amplify & Sequence
After you construct your libraries, amplify the DNA using standard emultion PCR. Next, deposit the beads on a slide for sequencing on the SOLiD™ Analyzer
Products for Step 4: Amplify & Sequence
Sequencing
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SOLiD™ 4 System
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The Applied Biosystems SOLiD™ 4 System is a revolutionary genetic analysis platform that enables massively parallel sequencing of clonally-amplified DNA fragments linked to beads. The sequencing methodology is based on sequential ligation with dye-labeled oligonucleotides. The SOLiD™ 4 System enables researchers to obtain higher-quality genomes at lower cost without the purchase of a new instrument.
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Mate-Paired Library Sequencing Reagents for SOLiD™ 4 System, Main Kits
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These kits contain sequencing master mixes in an easy-to-use strip tube format for ligation sequencing of mate-paired libraries on the SOLiD™ 4 System. Reagent mixing is not required, minimizing tube mix ups and providing a convenient automated method for sequencing reagent handling.

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Fragment Library Sequencing Reagents for SOLiD™ 4 System, Main Kits
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These kits contain sequencing master mixes in an easy-to-use strip tube format for ligation sequencing of fragment libraries on the SOLiD™ 4 System. Reagent mixing is not required, minimizing tube mix ups and providing a convenient automated method for sequencing reagent handling.

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Instrument Buffers for SOLiD™ 4 System
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This kit contains a set of buffers needed for ligation sequencing on the SOLiD™ 4 System and is sufficient for 110 cycles. The product is compatible only with the SOLiD™ 4 System. Store components at ambient, 2 °C to 8 °C, and at -15 °C to -25 °C.

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Workflow Analysis Reagents for SOLID™ 4 System
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This kit is for accurate qualification and quantitation of templated beads prior to your sequencing run. Use this kit to perform a workflow analysis (WFA) run on the SOLiD™ 4 Analyzer.

Emulsion PCR (ePCR)
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SOLiD™ EZ Bead™ System
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The new SOLiD™ EZ Bead™ System simplifies next-generation sequencing workflows by providing an automated solution for reproducible templated bead preparation with less than 1 hour of hands-on time. The system is specifically designed with system modularity and quality control check points for greater experimental control. The SOLiD™ EZ Bead™ System streamlines the sequencing workflow through significant time savings and support for up to 96 multiplexed libraries. With automation, minimal costs, and seamless effort, the SOLiD™ EZ Bead™ System dramatically increases sequencing productivity to further accelerate scientific discovery.

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SOLiD™ EZ Bead™ System Reagents and Accessory Kits
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The new SOLiD™ EZ Bead™ System simplifies next-generation sequencing workflows by providing an automated solution for reproducible templated bead preparation with less than 1 hour of hands-on time. The system is specifically designed with system modularity and quality control check points for greater experimental control. SOLiD™ EZ Bead™ System streamlines the sequencing workflow through significant time savings and support for up to 96 multiplexed libraries.

Bead Deposition
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SOLiD™ Bead Deposition Kits
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These kits contains components for depositing templated beads onto a slide for ligation sequencing on the SOLiD™ Analyzer. The kits contain reagents for performing a 3’ end modification and buffers. These kits are available in a 10 full-scale reaction size and a 20 mini-reaction size.
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SOLiD™ Bead Enrichment Kits
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These kits contain components to enrich templated beads amplified by emulsion PCR. The kit includes enrichment beads and reagents. These kits are available in a 10 full-scale reaction size and a 20 mini-reaction size.
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SOLiD™ Slide Kits
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These kits contain activated slides and storage buffer for ligation sequencing on the SOLiD™ Analyzer.
Learn More
- Application Note: SOLiD™ System Accuracy
- Application Note: Principles of Di-Base Sequencing and the Advantages of Color Space Analysis in the SOLiD™ System
- User Guide: SOLiD™ 4 System Templated Bead Preparation Quick Reference Card
- User Guide:SOLiD™ 4 System Instrument Operation Quick Reference Card (PN 4448380B)
Step 5: Analyze Data
Using the data analysis tools listed below:
- Fliter and assemble reads
- Create base space assembly contigs
Products for Step 5: Analyze Data
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Data Analysis Tools
The tools you need for each step in the De Novo pipeline:
Data Analysis Step Applied Biosystems Tools 3rd-Party Software 1. Extract high quality reads 2. Format Data 3. Assemble 4. Convert to Base-space contigs 5. Visualize 6. Convert to SRF for publishing
Learn More
- Application Note: The SOLiD™ Software - Data Analysis and Management
- Application Note: Principles of Di-Base Sequencing and the Advantages of Color Space Analysis in the SOLiD™ System
- User Guide: SOLiD™ 4 System SETS Software
- White Paper: A Theoretical Understanding of 2 Base Color Codes and Its Application to Annotation, Error Detection, and Error Correction
- BioScope 1.2: An Applications Framework for SOLiD™ Sequence Data Analysis
Step 6: Validate Results
Validate results using our capillary electrophoresis-based DNA sequencers.
Products for Step 6: Validate Results
Application Note
Poster
- Finding Indels with Short Sequencing Reads and De Novo Assembly
- Comparative Analysis of Salmonella Plasmids and Mobile Elements by Whole Genome Sequencing
- Distribution and Analysis of SPIs and Prophage Insertions in a Diverse Set of Salmonella Serogroups Sequenced by SOLiD™ System Technology
- Characterization of the ‘Mobilome’ of the genus Listeria
- Comparative Analysis of the rfb Locus, Encoding O-antigen Biosynthesis Genes in Salmonella enterica
Publication
- Complete Genome Sequence of E. coli Journal Article

